Derleme
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 86 - 91, 28.02.2018
Öz
Bitkiler bazı
stratejiler geliştirerek olumsuz çevre şartlarında hayatta kalırlar. Bu
stratejilerden birisi de dormansidir. Bu makale, bitkilerin yaz mevsiminde
yaşadıkları yaz dormansisi hakkında bilgi sunmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Yaz
dormansisi bitkilerin yaşadığı bir endo-dormansi türüdür. Fenotipe bakarak
bitkinin endo-dormansi yaşadığını belirlemek oldukça güçtür. Bu nedenle
dormansi türünü doğru belirlemek gerekmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda,
buğdaygiller familyası da dâhil olmak üzere farklı familyalara ait birçok bitki
türünde yaz dormansisi belirlenmiştir. Hem yem bitkileri tarımında üretimi hem
de meraların verimini artırmak için çok yıllık serin mevsim buğdaygil yem
bitkilerinin mutlaka yetiştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Yaz dormansisi yaşayan
bitkilerde toprak üstü aksamda kısmen veya tamamen ölüm yaşanırken, toprak
altındaki meristematik dokular ise canlılıklarını devam ettirmektedirler.
Dolayısıyla bitkiler ekstrem şartlarda hayatta kalabilmektedirler. Ancak yaz
dönemindeki verimleri oldukça düşüktür. Bu nedenle bitkilerin dormansi özelliği
net olarak belirlenmeli ve yetiştirileceği bölge, uygulanacak kültürel işlemler
doğru tercih edilmelidir.
Kaynakça
- Anderson J.V., Gesch, R.W., Jia, Y., Chao, W.S., Horvath, D.P., 2005. Seasonal shifts in dormancy status, carbonhydrate metabolism, and related gene expression in crown buds of leafy spurge. Plant, Cell and Environment, 28(12): 1567-1578.
- Annicchiarico, P., Pecetti, L., Bouzerzour, H., Kallida, R., Khedim, A., Porqueddu, C., Simoes, N.M., Volaire, F., Lelievre, F., 2011. Adaptation of contrasting cocksfoot plant types to agricultural environments across the Mediterranean basin. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 74: 82-89.
- Anonymous, 2017. Summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses - new productive and persistent forages for semi-arid environments of the southern great plains. http://agrilife.org/vernon/files/2012/11/ Summer-dormant-grasses.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 09.08.2017).
- Balachowski, J.A., Bristiel, P.M., Volaire, F.A., 2016. Summer dormancy, drought survival and functional resource acquisition strategies in California perennial grasses. Annals of Botany, 118(2): 357-368.
- Bhamidimarri, S., Saha, M.C., Payton, M.E., Hopkins, A.A., 2012. Phenotyping summer dormancy in tall fescue. Crop Science, 52(1): 413-421.
- Chao, W.S., Serpe, M.D., Anderson, J.V., Gesch, R.W., Horvath, D.P., 2006. Sugars, hormones and environment effect the dormancy status in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). Weed Science, 54(1): 59-68.
- Giannakopoulos, C., Le Sager, P., Bindi, M., Moriondo, M., Kostopoulou, E., Goodess, C.M., 2009. Climatic changes and associated impacts in the Mediterranean resulting from a 2 degrees C global warming. Global and Planetary Change, 68(3): 209-224.
- Gillespie, L.M., Volaire, F.A., 2017. Are winter and summer dormancy symmetrical seasonal adaptive strategies? The case of temperate herbaceous perennials. Annal of Botany, 119(3): 311-323.
- Horvath, D.P., Chao, W.S., Anderson, J.V., 2002. Molecular analysis of signals controlling dormancy and growth in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Plant Physiology, 128(4): 1439-1446.
- Jang, C.J., Leon, P., Zhou, L., Sheen, J., 1997. Hexokinase as a sugar sensor in higher plants. Plant Cell, 9(1): 5-19.
- King, J.R., Scott, J.M., Boschma, S.P., 1997. Forage persistence under extremes of cold and drought. forage and grassland management. http:// www1.foragebeef.ca/$foragebeef/frgebeef.nsf/all/frg39/$FILE/extremes.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2017).
- Malinowski, D.P., Zuo, H., Kramp, B.A., Muir, J.P., Pinchak, W.E., 2005. Obligatory summer dormant cool-season perennial grasses for semiarid environments of the southern great plains. American Society of Agronomy, 97(1): 147-154.
- Moreno, M., Gulias, J., Lazaridou, M., Medrano, H., Cifre, J., 2008. Ecophysiological strategies to overcome water deficit in herbaceous species under Mediterranean conditions. 12th Meeting of the Sub-network on Mediterranean Forage Resources of the FAO-CIHEAM, Sustainable Mediterranean Grasslands and their Multi-Functions, C. Porqueddu, M.M. Tavares de Sousa (Eds.), Optıons Medıterraneennes Series A, April 9-12, Elvas, Portugal, 79: 247-257.
- Norton, M.R., Lelievre, F., Volaire, F., 2006a. Summer dormancy in Dactylis glomerata L.: the influence of season of sowing and a simulated mid-summer storm on two contrasting cultivars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(5): 565-575.
- Norton, M.R., Volaire, F., Lelievre, F., 2006b. Summer dormancy in Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; the influence of season of sowing and a simulated mid-summer storm on two contrasting cultivars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(12): 1267-1277.
- Norton, M.R., Malinowski, D.P., Volaire, F., 2016. Plant drought survival under climate change and strategies to improve perennial grasses. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, DOI 10.1007/s13593-016-0362-1.
- Ofir, M., Kigel, J., 1998. Abscisic acid involvement in the induction of summer-dormancy in Poa bulbosa, a grass geophyte. Physiologia Plantarum, 102(2): 163-170.
- Ofir, M., Kigel, J., 1999. Photothermal control of the imposition of summer dormancy in Poa bulbosa, a perennial grass geophyte. Physiologia Plantarum, 105(4): 633-647.
- Olsen, J.E., Junttila, O., Moritz, T., 1997. Long-day induced bud break in Salix pentandra is associated with transiently elevated levels of GA1. Plant and Cell Physiology, 38(5): 536-540.
- Orloff, S., Brummer, C., Putnam, D., 2015. Managing irrigated pasture during drought. ANR Publication 8537 (http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu), (Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2017).
- Orloff, S.B., Brummer, E.C., Shrestha, A., Putnam, D.H., 2016. Cool-season perennial grasses differ in tolerance to partial-season irrigation deficits. Agronomy Journal, 108(2): 692-700.
- Shaimi, N., Kallida, R., Volaire, F., Al Faiz, C., 2009. Summer dormancy in Orchardgrass: Evaluation and characterization through ecophysiological and genetic studies. Crop Science, 49(6): 2353-2358.
- Suttle, J.C., 1998. Involvement of ethylene in potato microtuber dormancy. Plant Physiology, 118(3): 843-848.
- Volaire, F., 1995. Growth, carbohydrate reserves and drought survival strategies of contrasting Dactylis glomerata populations in a Mediterranean environment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32(1): 56-66.
- Volaire, F., Norton, M.R., Norton, G.M., Lelievre, F., 2005. Seasonal patterns of growth, dehydrins and water-soluble carbohydrates in genotypes of Dactylis glomerata varying in summer dormancy. Annals of Botany, 95(6): 981-990.
- Volaire F., Norton, M.R., 2006. Summer dormancy in perennial temperate grasses. Annals of Botany, 98(5): 927-933.
- Volaire, F., Seddaiu, G., Ledda, L., Lelievre, O.F., 2009. Water deficit and induction of summer dormancy in perennial Mediterranean grasses. Annals of Botany, 103(8): 1337-1346.
- Volaire, F., Norton, M.R., 2012. Selection of pasture and forage s pecies adapted to changing environmental conditions in Mediterranean climates. 14th Meeting of the Sub-network on Mediterranean Forage Resources of the FAO-CIHEAM, New approaches for grassland research in a context of climate and socio-economic changes, Z. Acar, A. Lopez-Francos, C. Porqueddu (eds.), Optıons Medıterraneennes Series A, October 3-6, Samsun, Turkey, 102: 119-128.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 86 - 91, 28.02.2018
Öz
Plants survive in unfavorable environmental conditions by developing some strategies. One of these strategies is
dormancy. This article was prepared to provide information about the summer dormancy of plants in summer. Summer
dormancy is a type of endo-dormancy that plants have. It is very difficult to determine that the plant has endo-dormant by
phenotype. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the type of dormancy. As a result of the studies, summer dormancy
was determined in many plant species belonging to different families including Poaceae family. In order to increase both the
production of forage crops and the yield of grasslands, the perennial cool season grasses should be cultivated. While plants
having summer dormancy may lost all or some of the aboveground parts, underground meristematic tissues can continue
their vitality. Therefore, plants can survive under extreme conditions. However, the yields during summer are rather low.
For this reason, dormancy characteristics of the plants should be clearly defined and the cultivation area and cultural
practices should be chosen correctly.
Kaynakça
- Anderson J.V., Gesch, R.W., Jia, Y., Chao, W.S., Horvath, D.P., 2005. Seasonal shifts in dormancy status, carbonhydrate metabolism, and related gene expression in crown buds of leafy spurge. Plant, Cell and Environment, 28(12): 1567-1578.
- Annicchiarico, P., Pecetti, L., Bouzerzour, H., Kallida, R., Khedim, A., Porqueddu, C., Simoes, N.M., Volaire, F., Lelievre, F., 2011. Adaptation of contrasting cocksfoot plant types to agricultural environments across the Mediterranean basin. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 74: 82-89.
- Anonymous, 2017. Summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses - new productive and persistent forages for semi-arid environments of the southern great plains. http://agrilife.org/vernon/files/2012/11/ Summer-dormant-grasses.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 09.08.2017).
- Balachowski, J.A., Bristiel, P.M., Volaire, F.A., 2016. Summer dormancy, drought survival and functional resource acquisition strategies in California perennial grasses. Annals of Botany, 118(2): 357-368.
- Bhamidimarri, S., Saha, M.C., Payton, M.E., Hopkins, A.A., 2012. Phenotyping summer dormancy in tall fescue. Crop Science, 52(1): 413-421.
- Chao, W.S., Serpe, M.D., Anderson, J.V., Gesch, R.W., Horvath, D.P., 2006. Sugars, hormones and environment effect the dormancy status in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). Weed Science, 54(1): 59-68.
- Giannakopoulos, C., Le Sager, P., Bindi, M., Moriondo, M., Kostopoulou, E., Goodess, C.M., 2009. Climatic changes and associated impacts in the Mediterranean resulting from a 2 degrees C global warming. Global and Planetary Change, 68(3): 209-224.
- Gillespie, L.M., Volaire, F.A., 2017. Are winter and summer dormancy symmetrical seasonal adaptive strategies? The case of temperate herbaceous perennials. Annal of Botany, 119(3): 311-323.
- Horvath, D.P., Chao, W.S., Anderson, J.V., 2002. Molecular analysis of signals controlling dormancy and growth in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Plant Physiology, 128(4): 1439-1446.
- Jang, C.J., Leon, P., Zhou, L., Sheen, J., 1997. Hexokinase as a sugar sensor in higher plants. Plant Cell, 9(1): 5-19.
- King, J.R., Scott, J.M., Boschma, S.P., 1997. Forage persistence under extremes of cold and drought. forage and grassland management. http:// www1.foragebeef.ca/$foragebeef/frgebeef.nsf/all/frg39/$FILE/extremes.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2017).
- Malinowski, D.P., Zuo, H., Kramp, B.A., Muir, J.P., Pinchak, W.E., 2005. Obligatory summer dormant cool-season perennial grasses for semiarid environments of the southern great plains. American Society of Agronomy, 97(1): 147-154.
- Moreno, M., Gulias, J., Lazaridou, M., Medrano, H., Cifre, J., 2008. Ecophysiological strategies to overcome water deficit in herbaceous species under Mediterranean conditions. 12th Meeting of the Sub-network on Mediterranean Forage Resources of the FAO-CIHEAM, Sustainable Mediterranean Grasslands and their Multi-Functions, C. Porqueddu, M.M. Tavares de Sousa (Eds.), Optıons Medıterraneennes Series A, April 9-12, Elvas, Portugal, 79: 247-257.
- Norton, M.R., Lelievre, F., Volaire, F., 2006a. Summer dormancy in Dactylis glomerata L.: the influence of season of sowing and a simulated mid-summer storm on two contrasting cultivars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(5): 565-575.
- Norton, M.R., Volaire, F., Lelievre, F., 2006b. Summer dormancy in Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; the influence of season of sowing and a simulated mid-summer storm on two contrasting cultivars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(12): 1267-1277.
- Norton, M.R., Malinowski, D.P., Volaire, F., 2016. Plant drought survival under climate change and strategies to improve perennial grasses. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, DOI 10.1007/s13593-016-0362-1.
- Ofir, M., Kigel, J., 1998. Abscisic acid involvement in the induction of summer-dormancy in Poa bulbosa, a grass geophyte. Physiologia Plantarum, 102(2): 163-170.
- Ofir, M., Kigel, J., 1999. Photothermal control of the imposition of summer dormancy in Poa bulbosa, a perennial grass geophyte. Physiologia Plantarum, 105(4): 633-647.
- Olsen, J.E., Junttila, O., Moritz, T., 1997. Long-day induced bud break in Salix pentandra is associated with transiently elevated levels of GA1. Plant and Cell Physiology, 38(5): 536-540.
- Orloff, S., Brummer, C., Putnam, D., 2015. Managing irrigated pasture during drought. ANR Publication 8537 (http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu), (Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2017).
- Orloff, S.B., Brummer, E.C., Shrestha, A., Putnam, D.H., 2016. Cool-season perennial grasses differ in tolerance to partial-season irrigation deficits. Agronomy Journal, 108(2): 692-700.
- Shaimi, N., Kallida, R., Volaire, F., Al Faiz, C., 2009. Summer dormancy in Orchardgrass: Evaluation and characterization through ecophysiological and genetic studies. Crop Science, 49(6): 2353-2358.
- Suttle, J.C., 1998. Involvement of ethylene in potato microtuber dormancy. Plant Physiology, 118(3): 843-848.
- Volaire, F., 1995. Growth, carbohydrate reserves and drought survival strategies of contrasting Dactylis glomerata populations in a Mediterranean environment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32(1): 56-66.
- Volaire, F., Norton, M.R., Norton, G.M., Lelievre, F., 2005. Seasonal patterns of growth, dehydrins and water-soluble carbohydrates in genotypes of Dactylis glomerata varying in summer dormancy. Annals of Botany, 95(6): 981-990.
- Volaire F., Norton, M.R., 2006. Summer dormancy in perennial temperate grasses. Annals of Botany, 98(5): 927-933.
- Volaire, F., Seddaiu, G., Ledda, L., Lelievre, O.F., 2009. Water deficit and induction of summer dormancy in perennial Mediterranean grasses. Annals of Botany, 103(8): 1337-1346.
- Volaire, F., Norton, M.R., 2012. Selection of pasture and forage s pecies adapted to changing environmental conditions in Mediterranean climates. 14th Meeting of the Sub-network on Mediterranean Forage Resources of the FAO-CIHEAM, New approaches for grassland research in a context of climate and socio-economic changes, Z. Acar, A. Lopez-Francos, C. Porqueddu (eds.), Optıons Medıterraneennes Series A, October 3-6, Samsun, Turkey, 102: 119-128.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Derleme / Review |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
TARANILAN DİZİNLER